The modern theory of management divides skills into hard skills and soft skills. Hard skills may relate to specific tasks the result of which can be measured: this is what most educational and training programmes have been focused on. However, discussions are being held now to decide if it is enough to only emphasise the importance of soft skills and whether the current theory is still relevant. For example, authors of the report on Skills of the Future at Skolkovo Moscow School of Management offer a new model:
· Context-specific skills
Skills that are developed and applied in a specific context. Professional skills (programming in a specific language), physical skills (for example, driving a car) or social skills (for example, video blogging).
· Cross-contextual skills
Skills that can be applied in a larger domain of social or personal activities: the ability to read and write, time-management skills, teamwork skills, etc.
· Existential skills
Skills that can be universally applied throughout the lifetime and in different living contexts of an individual. They include the ability to set goals and achieve them (willpower), self-awareness/self-reflection (mindfulness, meta-knowledge), the ability to learn/unlearn/re-learn (self-development).